Researchers at North Carolina State University have made a significant discovery in understanding the role of a specific peptide in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema. The research team focused on the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a short chain of amino acids found in higher levels in patients with AD. BNP is expressed in sensory neurons, which are crucial for conveying itch sensations to the brain. In a mouse model of AD, the absence of BNP resulted in a noticeable reduction in the typical skin thickening and irritation associated with AD, as well as decreased itching.

The researchers analyzed the interaction between BNP and periostin, a protein that triggers the itch response by interacting with sensory neurons in the skin. BNP activates the NPR1 receptors found in keratinocytes, which then produce periostin, leading to itchiness. This study emphasizes the role of peripheral neurons, not just central neurons, in the development of AD. It also highlights a potential therapeutic approach that could involve blocking BNP’s ability to bind to its receptors in the skin, thus preventing the cascade of reactions leading to AD symptoms.

Reference: North Carolina State University. Brain natriuretic peptide plays a role in activating atopic dermatitis. News-Medical.Net. Published October 19, 2023. Accessed April 4, 2024. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231019/Brain-natriuretic-peptide-plays-a-role-in-activating-atopic-dermatitis.aspx